One of the most preventable and treatable cancers when detected early, cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers found in women. Found in the lower part of the uterus, the cervix, cervical cancer is primarily caused due to persistent infections with high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted virus. Understanding its causes, symptoms and risk factors can help in taking prompt actions towards preventions and early diagnosis.
Cervical Cancer, also known as squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma, depending on the type of cells where the cancer originates, is a common type of cancer in women that generally originates at the cervix or the lower most part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. Commonly caused due to persistent HPV infections, this cancer can also start due to weakened immune system, smoking, long term use of birth control pills, multiple pregnancies. Though most of the HPV infections clear up on their own, few strains can cause abnormal cell changes that may develop into cancer over time.
Factors influencing cervical cancer:
- Weakened Immune System: Long time usage of immunosuppressive drugs or HIV make it difficult for the body to fight HPV
- Smoking: Tobacco that contains harmful chemicals can damage cervical cells and increase risk of cervical cancer.
- Long Term use of birth control pills: Usage of oral contraceptives for a longer period may raise fear of cervical cancer in women.
- Multiple Pregnancies: Women who have had 3 or more full term pregnancies may be at a higher risk of cervical cancer.
Symptoms Pertaining to Cervical Cancer may include:
Generally cervical cancer doesn’t show noticeable symptoms in its early stages, making it difficult to detect. However, with regular screenings, as the disease progresses, certain visible symptoms may include:
- Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding, mostly after intercourse, in between periods or post menopause.
- Unusual vaginal discharge with foul odour
- Discomfort or pain in pelvis
- Pain during intercourse
If you are anyhow experiencing any of these above symptoms, you should see a doctor immediately.
Certain Risk factors that can elevate the risk of cervical cancers, include:
- Family History or genetics: A woman with a family history of cervical cancer may have higher genetic susceptibility.
- Early Sexual Activity: Engaging with sexual activities at a young age may risk increased exposure to HPV for women.
- Multiple Sexual Partners: Women with multiple number of sexual partners may also have an elevated risk of contracting HPV
As discussed earlier, HPV is highly treatable, so is cervical cancer. With HPV vaccination, one can easily prevent HPV. Routine pap smear tests and HPV tests can detect precancerous changes in cervical cells before they develop into cancer. Remember regular check ups can reduce more cervical cancer cases and can help in taking informed decisions.